Stalin died in 1953. When they heard he was dead, people in East Berlin rioted.
After a short struggle for power, Khrushchev became the new ruler in Russia.
The Hope:
The Reality:
Khrushchev said he wanted ‘peaceful co-existence’.
By ‘peaceful co-existence’, Khrushchev really meant ‘’.
Khrushchev had a sense of humour and was always laughing and smiling.
Khrushchev was NOT gentle and easy-going – Stalin had used him to run the terror purges after WWII.
In 1956, Khrushchev said Stalin was a murderer and a tyrant. He began to ‘’ Russia. Political prisoners were set free and Beria was executed.
'De-stalinisation’ did not mean a change back to capitalism, or freedom from Russia.
Khrushchev often met western leaders at ‘’ meetings.
Khrushchev loved to argue. This often caused tension between leaders.
Stalin made all Communist countries do what he wanted. But in 1955 Khrushchev told Tito of Yugoslavia: ‘there are different
to communism’. Western leaders thought he would no longer insist that all communist countries take orders from Russia.
He visited countries like Afghanistan and Burma and gave them
if they would support Russia. When communist countries went too far in their reforms, Khrushchev sent in the Red Army (eg Hungary 1956).
At first, the western powers hoped that this would be the start of a ‘’ in the Cold War.
Khrushchev started to build up Russian power.
As a result, tension GREW, not lessened:
Khrushchev started to build up Russian power:
Faced by this, America became just as aggressive:
Russia began the ‘space race’ with America. In 1957 Russia launched
, the first satellite. In 1961 Yuri Gagarin was the first astronaut to orbit the earth.
America became determined to win the Space race.
In 1955, to rival NATO, Khrushchev set up the
– a military alliance of EIGHT Communist countries: Russia, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania. Pact countries had plans of how to wage nuclear war against NATO.
In 1955, NATO agreed to a West German Army of half a million (this led to the formation of the Warsaw Pact).
Russia began an ‘arms race’ with America. In 1953, Russia got the hydrogen bomb and in 1961 the
.
America had an ‘arms race’ with Russia. The Americans used
planes to spy on Russia. American children were trained to
in the event of a nuclear strike.
Russia waged a propaganda war against America and Britain.
American propaganda attacked Russia. The film Them (1954) encouraged Americans to hate 'the enemy'. In America, Senator
led a ‘witch-hunt’ for Communists (eg Charlie Chaplin).
As a result, the period 1955–1963 was the time of GREATEST tension in the Cold War. Many people expected that the world would end in a nuclear war.
Stalin died in 1953. When they heard he was dead, people in East Berlin rioted.
After a short struggle for power, Khrushchev became the new ruler in Russia.
The Hope:
The Reality:
Khrushchev said he wanted ‘peaceful co-existence’.
By ‘peaceful co-existence’, Khrushchev really meant ‘PEACEFUL COMPETITION’.
Khrushchev had a sense of humour and was always laughing and smiling.
Khrushchev was NOT gentle and easy-going – Stalin had used him to run the terror purges after WWII.
In 1956, Khrushchev said Stalin was a murderer and a tyrant. He began to ‘DE-STALINISE’ Russia. Political prisoners were set free and Beria was executed.
'De-stalinisation’ did not mean a change back to capitalism, or freedom from Russia.
Khrushchev often met western leaders at ‘SUMMIT’ meetings.
Khrushchev loved to argue. This often caused tension between leaders.
Stalin made all Communist countries do what he wanted. But in 1955 Khrushchev told Tito of Yugoslavia: ‘there are different ROADS to communism’. Western leaders thought he would no longer insist that all communist countries take orders from Russia.
He visited countries like Afghanistan and Burma and gave them ECONOMIC AID if they would support Russia. When communist countries went too far in their reforms, Khrushchev sent in the Red Army (eg Hungary 1956).
At first, the western powers hoped that this would be the start of a ‘THAW’ in the Cold War.
Khrushchev started to build up Russian power.
As a result, tension GREW, not lessened:
Khrushchev started to build up Russian power:
Faced by this, America became just as aggressive:
Russia began the ‘space race’ with America. In 1957 Russia launched SPUTNIK, the first satellite. In 1961 Yuri Gagarin was the first astronaut to orbit the earth.
America became determined to win the Space race.
In 1955, to rival NATO, Khrushchev set up the WARSAW PACT – a military alliance of EIGHT Communist countries: Russia, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania. Pact countries had plans of how to wage nuclear war against NATO.
In 1955, NATO agreed to a West German Army of half a million (this led to the formation of the Warsaw Pact).
Russia began an ‘arms race’ with America. In 1953, Russia got the hydrogen bomb and in 1961 the TSAR BOMBA.
America had an ‘arms race’ with Russia. The Americans used U-2 planes to spy on Russia. American children were trained to DUCK AND COVER in the event of a nuclear strike.
Russia waged a propaganda war against America and Britain.
American propaganda attacked Russia. The film Them (1954) encouraged Americans to hate 'the enemy'. In America, Senator MCCARTHY led a ‘witch-hunt’ for Communists (eg Charlie Chaplin).
As a result, the period 1955–1963 was the time of GREATEST tension in the Cold War. Many people expected that the world would end in a nuclear war.
