 Who was Prime Minister of Britain in 1945?
- Who was president of the USA in February 1945?
- Who became president of the USA in 1945?
- Who was leader of Russia in 1945?
- What is a ‘cold war’?
- America and Russia were enemies but they didn’t declare war. But they did everything to oppose each other short of war.
- List FOUR causes of the Cold War.
- What they believed
(ideology)
- Aims
- Resentment about History
- Sequence of eents
- What do Communists believe?
- That the means of production should be owned and controlled by the government.
- The USA is a ‘capitalist democracy’. What do these words mean?
- Capitalists believe that property and industry should be privately owned.
- Democracy is where the people can elect their own government.
- Name TWO historical complaints that Stalin had against Britain and the USA.
- In 1918 Britain and the USA had tried to destroy the Russian Revolution.
- Stalin thought that they had not given him enough help in the Second World War.
- What could Britain and the USA not forgive Stalin for (from 1939)?
- Stalin had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Germany in 1939.
- Give TWO things that Stalin wanted from the peace.
- huge reparations from Germany
a ‘buffer’ of friendly states to protect the USSR from being invaded again.
- What worried Britain and the USA about Stalin’s plans?
- that large areas of eastern Europe were falling under Soviet control.
- When did Russia develop the atomic bomb?
- List TEN events leading up to the Cold War, Feb 1945 to Mar 1948.
- Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)
- Potsdam Conference (Jul 1945)
- Hiroshima (Aug 1945)
- Salami tactics (1945-48)
- Fulton Speech (Mar 1946)
- Greece (Feb 1947)
- Truman Doctrine (Mar 1947)
- Marshall Plan (Jun 1947)
- Cominform (Oct 1947)
- Czechoslovakia (Mar 1948)
- Give FOUR things agreed at Yalta.
- divide Germany into four ‘zones’, which Britain, France, the USA and the USSR would occupy after the war.
- hold elections in the countries of eastern Europe.
- set up a government in Poland which would contain both Communists and non-Communists.
- set up the United Nations.
- Explain TWO reasons why the Potsdam Conference was less successful than Yalta.
- In March 1945, Stalin had invited the non-Communist Polish leaders to meet him, and arrested them.
- America had a new president, Truman, who was determined to ‘get tough’ with the Russians.
- Name THREE things that the ‘Big Three’ disagreed about at Potsdam.
- the details of how to divide Germany.
- the size of reparations Germany ought to pay.
- Soviet policy in eastern Europe.
- What were ‘salami tactics’?
- gradually getting rid of all opposition, bit-by-bit.
- Was is ‘totalitarianism’?
- where the government has total power over the people.
- Was does the word ‘imperialistic’ mean?
- wanting to build and empire. Communists used it as an abuse-word to describe the western powers.
- What was Churchill’s Fulton speech (5 March 1946) about?
- He said ‘a shadow’ had fallen on eastern Europe, which was now cut off from the free world by ‘an iron curtain’.
- Behind that line, he said, the people of eastern Europe were ‘subject to Soviet influence . . . totalitarian control [and] police governments’.
- Why did Britain keep soldiers in Greece after the Second World War had finished?
- To support the Greek free government against the Communists.
- What happened when the British could no longer afford to keep soldiers in Greece?
- America paid for the soldiers, and also gave economic aid to Greece.
- What did the Truman Doctrine say?
- Truman told Americans that it was America’s DUTY to stop Communism.
- His policy towards the Soviet Union was one of ‘containment’ – he did not try to destroy the USSR, but he wanted to stop it growing any more.
- Why did Marshall propose the Marshall Plan?
- He said every country in Europe was so poor that it was in danger of turning Communist.
- Europe was ‘a breeding ground of hate’.
- How much aid did the Marshall Plan want to send to Europe?
- Which country turned Communist in March 1948?
- What rival to Marshall Aid did Stalin set up in 1947?
- Give FIVE causes of the Berlin blockade.
- Cold War was just getting started
- Aims
- Bizonia
- American Aid
- New Currency
- How long did the blockade last?
- How did the US and Britain supply the Berliners?
- List FOUR results of the Berlin blockade.
- Cold War got worse
- East and West Germany
- NATO and the Warsaw Pact
- Arms Race
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