France planned to conquer Morocco, w. British support (Entente Cordiale, 1904). In 1905, visited, promising to protect it.
Effects
1. France furious w. Germany.
2. Britain saw this as German imperial ambition.
3.
Conference (1906): Britain & Russia backed France → Germany forced to back down → Germany resented this.
4. In 1907, Britain & Russia made an Entente, alarmed by Germany.
2. Telegraph Article, 1908
Kaiser Wilhelm gave an interview to the
, claiming he wanted friendship w. Britain but calling them ‘ as March hares’, saying Germans hated them & demanding a powerful fleet.
Effects
1. Outraged Britain.
2. Strengthened belief that Germany sought to challenge the British Empire.
3. Bosnian Crisis, 1908
Austria-Hungary annexed
after a Turkish revolution.
Effects
1. Serbia furious → many Serbs in Bosnia → led to assassination at Sarajevo.
2. Serbia sought help from Russian → Russia called for a European Conference → Britain & France did not support Russia → Russia had to back down and was
, vowed not to be so again.
4. Agadir Crisis, 1911
French took control of Morocco after a revolution. Kaiser Wilhelm sent the gunboat
to Agadir.
Effects
1. France & Britain outraged. Lloyd George: ‘Britain’s interests were
.’
2. Germany forced to back down, given only a small part of jungle in the
→ German resentment grew → Kaiser determined not to lose again.
5. Balkan Wars, 1912-13
Serbia, Greece & Bulgaria (= ‘’) attacked Turkey, capturing nearly all remaining Turkish land in Europe. Britain & Germany mediated (Treaty of
, 1913).
Effects
1. Serbia became strongest Balkan state. Serbian PM
: ‘the first round is won; now for the second round – against Austria.’
2. Kaiser saw British co-operation as weakness → assumed Britain would co-operate again in next crisis.
6. Assassination at Sarajevo, 1914
On 28 June 1914, Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Effects
1. Triggered the sequence of events leading to WWI (qv)
1. First Moroccan Crisis, 1906
France planned to conquer Morocco, w. British support (Entente Cordiale, 1904). In 1905, KAISER WILHELM visited, promising to protect it.
Effects
1. France furious w. Germany.
2. Britain saw this as German imperial ambition.
3. ALGECIRAS Conference (1906): Britain & Russia backed France → Germany forced to back down → Germany resented this.
4. In 1907, Britain & Russia made an Entente, alarmed by Germany.
2. Telegraph Article, 1908
Kaiser Wilhelm gave an interview to the DAILY TELEGRAPH, claiming he wanted friendship w. Britain but calling them ‘MAD as March hares’, saying Germans hated them & demanding a powerful fleet.
Effects
1. Outraged Britain.
2. Strengthened belief that Germany sought to challenge the British Empire.
3. Bosnian Crisis, 1908
Austria-Hungary annexed BOSNIA after a Turkish revolution.
Effects
1. Serbia furious → many Serbs in Bosnia → led to assassination at Sarajevo.
2. Serbia sought help from Russian → Russia called for a European Conference → Britain & France did not support Russia → Russia had to back down and was HUMILIATED, vowed not to be so again.
4. Agadir Crisis, 1911
French took control of Morocco after a revolution. Kaiser Wilhelm sent the gunboat PANTHER to Agadir.
Effects
1. France & Britain outraged. Lloyd George: ‘Britain’s interests were VITALLY AFFECTED.’
2. Germany forced to back down, given only a small part of jungle in the CONGO → German resentment grew → Kaiser determined not to lose again.
5. Balkan Wars, 1912-13
Serbia, Greece & Bulgaria (= ‘BALKAN LEAGUE’) attacked Turkey, capturing nearly all remaining Turkish land in Europe. Britain & Germany mediated (Treaty of BUCHAREST, 1913).
Effects
1. Serbia became strongest Balkan state. Serbian PM PASIC: ‘the first round is won; now for the second round – against Austria.’
2. Kaiser saw British co-operation as weakness → assumed Britain would co-operate again in next crisis.
6. Assassination at Sarajevo, 1914
On 28 June 1914, Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Effects
1. Triggered the sequence of events leading to WWI (qv)
